The current issue of “Postępy Nauk Medycznych” is entirely devoted to the contemporary problems of neurology. This is an area of medicine, in which unusually rapid changes are taking place, in particular related to the progress of civilization and resulting extension of human life expectation, which in turn causes a progressive aging of European societies. The epidemiological forecasts suggest than in 2030 the number of persons over 50 will double.

The importance of neurology for the society is demonstrated by the fact that May 2013 has been declared European Month of Brain by the European Brain Council (EBC) together with the European Federation of Neurological Associations (EFNA).

The majority of articles published in this issue have been prepared by the members of the Department of Neurology and Epileptology.

Brain strokes create a significant therapeutical challenge due to, among others, their social consequences. The basic task for the neurologists is the reduction of death toll and disabilities after the brain stroke. An early identification of possible complication in such patients is important for the application of an optimal therapeutical treatment. Article is devoted to the detection of possible cardiac complications (1).

Cognitive impairments turn to be an ever-growing problem for neurologists. The next article is devoted to the assessment of risk concerning mild cognitive impairments (2).

The topic of the next study was to investigate the dopamine transporter (DAT) expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Parkinson’s disease patients as compared to controls and impact of various parameters. Peripheral blood lymphocytes provide a recognized model to study the changes of neurotransmitter-receptor systems (3).