In the current issue of our journal, I highly recommend the insightful review article by surgeons from the University of Silesia, which explores the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer. Advances in rectal cancer treatment, including the implementation of perioperative radiotherapy in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings have significantly improved patient outcomes by reducing recurrence risk and increasing survival rates. This article explores various approaches to perioperative treatment, with a special focus on the role of radiotherapy. The authors provide an overview of current oncological practices in rectal cancer treatment, drawing upon existing literature and recent clinical trials which highlight potential advancements in treatment outcomes through optimised combination therapies. This comprehensive review, detailing the current state of knowledge in rectal cancer treatment, will serve as a valuable resource particularly for young surgeons.