© Borgis - Postępy Nauk Medycznych 3/2011, s. 181-185
*Petr Dítě1, Milan Dastych2, Ivo Novotný1, Jan Trna1, Anna Žáková1, Milan Dastych Jr.1, Jiří Prášek1, Marie Přecechtělová1
Stężenie cynku, selenu, miedzi i magnezu w surowicy chorych z przewlekłym alkoholowym i idiopatycznym zapaleniem trzustki
Changes in serum levels of zinc, selenium, copper and magnesium in individuals with chronic alcoholic and chronic idiopathic pancreatitis
1Department of Internal Medicine – Hepatogastroenterology Brno Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno
Head of Department: prof. Petr Dítě
2Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology of the Brno Teaching Hospital and Department of Laboratory Methods of Masaryk University Faculty of Medicine
Streszczenie
Cel badania. Określić stężenie cynku, selenu, miedzi i magnezu w surowicy chorych z przewlekłym alkoholowym i idiopatycznym zapaleniem trzustki. Określić nasilenie zmian morfologicznych według klasyfikacji Cambridge.
Materiał i metody. Na czczo oceniano stężenia w surowicy u 40 pacjentów z idiopatycznym przewlekłym zapaleniem trzustki, 40 pacjentów z alkoholowym przewlekłym zapaleniem trzustki i 40 zdrowych osób z grupy kontrolnej, przy pomocy atomowej spektrofotometrii absorpcyjnej z atomizacją płomieniową lub elektrotermiczną. Rozpoznanie ustalano na podstawie wywiadu, EUS, TK i ECPW.
Wyniki. Stężenie wszystkich badanych metali śladowych było statystycznie istotnie obniżone w alkoholowym przewlekłym zapaleniu trzustki, a tylko stężenia magnezu i cynku były obniżone w idiopatycznym przewlekłym zapaleniu trzustki.
Wniosek. W kolejnych badaniach należy wyjaśnić istotne statystycznie obniżenie stężenia cynku i magnezu w idiopatycznym przewlekłym zapaleniu trzustki oraz rolę tego zjawiska w patogenezie tego typu przewlekłego zapalenia trzustki.
Summary
The aim of the study. To investigate serum levels of copper, zinc, magnesium and selen in chronic idiopathic and alcoholic pancreatitis. The Severiny of morphologic changes asseses according to Cambridge classification.
Material and methods. Fasting serum levels from 40 patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, 40 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and 40 healthy controls were investigated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flamed or electrothermic atomisation. Diagnosis was established by personal history, EUS, CT and ERCP.
Results. All followed trace elements were statistically decreseased in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, but only magnesium and zinc were decreased in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.
Conclusion. Statistically significant decrease of zinc and magnesium in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis is neccesary to explain infurther studies for thein roles in this type of chornic pancreatitis.
INTRODUCTION
Micronutrients – essential trace elements play a significant role in the functioning of the human organism. They are involved in a number of cellular processes such as nucleic acid synthesis, cellular antioxidative defence against the action of reactive oxygen species, cell growth and renewal, etc. (1). The involvement of zinc in cellular immunity is of a very complex nature; there is a decrease in the count of T-lymphocytes and T4/T8 lymphocyte subpopulation when there is zinc deficiency in the organism. The involvement of zinc is absolutely essential in the case of zinc-dependent metalloenzymes such as carbonic anhydrase, alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, thymidine kinase or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (2, 3, 4).
Similarly to zinc, copper is an integral part of copper-dependent metalloenzymes. Copper, through cytochrome oxidase, affects the energetic efficiency of respiratory chains, is involved in catecholamine metabolism, is part of the antioxidant barrier against the negative effect of oxidative stress, and acts on the stability of cell membranes (5, 6).
Magnesium is an extraordinarily significant biogenic element related to oxidative energetic processes, including the oxidation of glucose, lipids as well as proteins; it is involved in the function of some ion channels, including calcium channels; and, last but not least, it has a profound effect on vascular flow changes in both the cardiac and peripheral arteries. In terms of gastroenterological changes, magnesium is an element with a significant relationship to the function of some exocrine secretory glands.
Selenium is a constituent of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) which is one of the major components of the body’s antioxidant system. It is a component of important amino acids, such as methylselenocysteine or selenocysteine; however, the main organic compound in the body containing selenium is selenomethionine (7).
From what has been mentioned above, it is obvious that the elements in question may also play a major role in the area of inflammatory pancreatic disease where changes in, for instance, vascular perfusion, tissue ischaemia, oxidative stress or changes in cellular oxidative processes may contribute not only to the development, but particularly to the modification of the course and progression of the disease (8, 9, 10).
As the above-mentioned elements are introduced into the organism through food, it can be assumed that, given the dietary patterns in alcoholics, their content may be reduced in individuals with the alcoholic form of chronic pancreatitis (11). The aim of our study was to compare the serum concentrations of zinc, copper, selenium and magnesium in individuals with the alcoholic form of chronic pancreatitis to those in individuals with the idiopathic form of the disease where the contribution of alcohol to the development of the disease can be excluded.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 120 individuals were investigated out of whom 40 made up the control group. No manifestations of gastrointestinal, hepatic and pancreatic diseases were confirmed in control subjects; neither had they any manifestations of eating disorders. Another group studied were 40 patients with the alcoholic form of chronic pancreatitis in whom regular alcohol intake exceeding a daily amount of more than 70 g and occurring for more than five years was demonstrated; the third group consisted of 40 individuals who have been diagnosed with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and in whom no regular alcohol intake was demonstrated either by directed questioning or by laboratory tests. The mean ages in all the groups investigated were insignificantly different; it was 43.7 years in the control group, 41.9 years in the group with alcoholic form of the disease and the mean age in idiopathic form of the disease was 47.3 years.
The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis was established based on meeting the criteria on CT scanning; by endosonographic examination – more than 4 criteria according to Wiersema (12); and based on the finding of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. According to the Cambridge criteria (13), the individuals evaluated had a moderate grade of morphological changes of the pancreas.
Powyżej zamieściliśmy fragment artykułu, do którego możesz uzyskać pełny dostęp.
Mam kod dostępu
- Aby uzyskać płatny dostęp do pełnej treści powyższego artykułu albo wszystkich artykułów (w zależności od wybranej opcji), należy wprowadzić kod.
- Wprowadzając kod, akceptują Państwo treść Regulaminu oraz potwierdzają zapoznanie się z nim.
- Aby kupić kod proszę skorzystać z jednej z poniższych opcji.
Opcja #1
29 zł
Wybieram
- dostęp do tego artykułu
- dostęp na 7 dni
uzyskany kod musi być wprowadzony na stronie artykułu, do którego został wykupiony
Opcja #2
69 zł
Wybieram
- dostęp do tego i pozostałych ponad 7000 artykułów
- dostęp na 30 dni
- najpopularniejsza opcja
Opcja #3
129 zł
Wybieram
- dostęp do tego i pozostałych ponad 7000 artykułów
- dostęp na 90 dni
- oszczędzasz 78 zł
Piśmiennictwo
1. Prasad AS: Essential and toxic trace elements in human health and disease: An update. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Wiley-Liss 1993; vol. 380: 1-32
2. Prasad AS: Biochemistry of Zinc. Biochemistry of Elements 11: Hardbound 1994.
3. Prasad AS: Zinc: an overview. Nutrition 1995; 11 (1 Suppl.): 93-99.
4. Valberg LS, Flanagan PR, Ghent CN, Chamberlain MJ: Zinc absorption and leukocyte zinc in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhosis. Dig Dis Sci 1985; 30, 4: 329-333.
5. Solomon NW: Biochemical, metabolic, and clinical role of copper in human nutrition. J Am Coll Nutr 1985; 4: 83-105.
6. Milne DB: Assessment of Copper Nutritional Status. Clin Chem 1994; 40 (8): 1479-1484.
7. Surai PF: Selenium in Nutrition and Health. Nottingham University Press, 1st Edition, 2006.
8. Bhardwaj P, Thareja S, Prakash S, Saraya A: Micronutrient antioxidant intake in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Trop Gastroenterol 2004; 25 (2): 69-72.
9. Bellisola G, Perona G, Glassini S et al.: Plasma selenium and glutathionperoxidase activities in individuals living in the Veneto region of Italy. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 1993; 7 (Suppl. 4): 242-244.
10. Hirayama K, Yasutake A, Inoue M: Free radicals and trace elements. [In:] Progress in clinical and biological research 1993; vol. 380, Prasad A.S. (ed.), Essential and toxic trace elements in human health and disease: An Update, 311-328.
11. Abdulla M, Parr RM, Iyengar GV: Trace Element Requirements, Intake and Recommendations. Essential and toxic trace elements in human health and disease: An update. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. Wiley-Liss 1993; vol. 380.
12. Wiersema MJ, Hawes RH, Lehman GH et al.: Prospective evaluation of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with chronic abdominal pain of suspected pancreatic origin. Endoscopy 1993; 25: 555-564.
13. Axon AT, Classen M, Cotton PB et al.: Pancreatography in chronic pancreatitis: international definition. Gut 1984; 25: 1107-1112.
14. Ijuin H: Evaluation of pancreatic exocrine function and zinc absorption in alcoholism. Kurume Med J 1998; 45 (I): 1-5.
15. Shenkin A: Selenium in intravenous nutrition. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: S61.
16. Guerrera MP, Volpe SL, Mao JJ: Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Fam Physician 2009; 80 (2): 157-62.
17. Mooren FC, Turi S, Günzel D et al.: Calcium-magnesium interactions in pancreatic acinar cells. FASEB J 2001; 15: 659, 672.
18. Rahil-Khazen R, Solann BJ, Myking A, Ulvik RJ: Multi-element analysis of trace element levels in human autopsy tissues by using inductively coupled emission spectrometry technique. J of Trace Elements in Med and Biol 2002; 16 (1): 15-25.
19. Yago MD, Manas M, Singh J: Intracellular magnesium: transport and regulation in epithelial secretory cells. Frontiers in Bioscience 2000; 5: D602-618.
20. Dominquez-Munoz JE, Martinez SM, Leodolter A et al.: Quantification of pancreatic zinc output as pancreatic function test: making the secretin-caerulein test applicable to clinical practice. Pancreatology 2004; 4 (1): 57-62.
21. Pungpapong, S, Scalopio JS, Woodward TA et al.: Is zinc concentration in pancreatic fluid a marker for pancreatic diseases? JOP 2005; 6 (5): 425-430.
22. Easley D, Krebs M, Jefferson M et al.: Effect of pancreatic enzymes on zinc absorption in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol and Nutrition 1998; 26 (2): 136-139.
23. Girish BV, Rejesh G, Vaidyanathan K et al.: Zinc status in chronic pancreatitis and its relationship with exocrine and endocrine insufficiency.
24. Krzewicki J: Clinical study on magnesium and calcium level in the blood during the acute pancreatitis. Magnes Res 1998; 11: 19-23.
25. Bohl CH, Volpe SL: Magnesium and exercise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2002; 42 (6): 533-563.
26. National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements Magnesium http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/magnesium.asp, Accessed January 12, 2009.
