Every year in Poland a more than 15 thousands of lung cancer in males and about 5 thousands in women, are recorded, which is respectively, 24 and 8% of all cancer cases. More than 16 thousands Polish men and more than 5 thousands Polish women die each year in Poland due to cancer of this organ (1). Registry of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) shows that taking into consideration the whole world, each year more than 1 million people: 1 376 579, including 948 993 men and 427 586 women die because of lung cancer (2). In addition to smoking, factors responsible for the occurrence of the disease include exposures on several occupational and environmental carcinogens such as asbestos, arsenic, radon and aromatic hydrocarbons (3).
1. Didkowska J, Wojciechowska U, Tarkowski W et al.: Nowotwory złośliwe w Polsce w 2005 roku. Centrum Onkologii – Instytut im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, Warszawa 2007: 69-72.
2. GLOBOCAN 2008. Estimated cancer Incidence, Mortality, Prevalence and Disability – adjusted life years (DALYs) Worldwide in 2008. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
3. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM et al.: Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 69-90.
4. Cybulski C, Masojć B, Oszutowska D et al.: Constitutional CHEK2 mutations are associated with a decreased risk of lung and laryngeal cancers. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29: 762-765.
5. Wang Y, McKay JD, Rafnar T et al.: Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer. Nat Genet 2014; 46: 736-741.
6. Jaworska K, Gupta S, Durda K et al.: A low selenium level is associated with lung and laryngeal cancers. PLoS One 2013; 8: e59051.
7. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM et al.: Reduced lung cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 395-409.
8. National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Church TR, Black WC et al.: Results of initial low-dose computed tomographic screening for lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1980-1991.
9. Aberle DR, DeMello S, Berg CD et al.: Results of the two incidence screenings in the National Lung Screening Trial. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 920-931.
10. Mascaux C, Iannino N, Martin B et al.: The role of RAS oncogene in survival of patients with lung cancer: a systematic review of theliterature with meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 131-139.
11. Rosell R, Monzó M, Pifarrè A et al.: Molecular staging of non-small cell lung cancer according to K-ras genotypes. Clin Cancer Res 1996; 2: 1083-1086.
12. Fukuyama Y, Mitsudomi T, Sugio K et al.: Kras and p53 mutations are an independent unfavourable prognostic indicator in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 1997; 75: 1125-1130.
13. Gautschi O, Bigosch C, Huegli B et al.: Circulating deoxyribonucleic Acid as prognostic marker in non-small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 4157-4164.
14. Sozzi G, Conte D, Leon M et al.: Quantification of free circulating DNA as a diagnostic marker in lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3902-3908.
15. Sozzi G, Roz L, Conte D et al.: Plasma DNA quantification in lung cancer computed tomography screening: five-year results of a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 69-74.
16. Kim JS, Kim JW, Han J et al.: Cohypermethylation of p16 and FHIT promoters as a prognostic factor of recurrence in surgically resected stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 4049-4054.
17. Mohamed S, Yasufuku K, Hiroshima K et al.: Prognostic implications of cell cycle-related proteins in primary resectable pathologic N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2007; 109: 2506-2514.
18. Taron M, Rosell R, Felip E et al.: BRCA1 mRNA expression levels as an indicator of chemoresistance in lung cancer. Hum Mol Genet 2004; 13: 2443-2449.
19. Su C, Zhou S, Zhang L et al.: ERCC1, RRM1 and BRCA1 mRNA expression levels and clinical outcome of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2011; 28: 1411-1417.
20. Singh N, Aggarwal AN: ERCC1 and RRM1 Expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer-the good, the bad and the unknown. J Thorac Oncol 2009; 4: 1042-1043.
21. Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Skroński M, Szpechciński A: Molekularne markery prognostyczne i predykcyjne w diagnostyce niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca. Onkologia Info 2011; 3: 160-167.
22. Liang Z, Zhang J, Zeng X et al.: Relationship between EGFR expression, copy number and mutation in lung adenocarcinomas. BMC Cancer 2010; 10: 376.
23. Zhang X, Chang A: Molecular predictors of EGFR-TKI sensitivity in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Med Sci 2008; 5: 209-217.
24. Mok TS, Wu YL, Thongprasert S et al.: Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 947-957.