*Regina Sierzantowicz1, Justyna Tworkowska2, Jerzy Robert Ladny2, 3, Pawel Wojciak2, Katarzyna Lagoda4, Lech Trochimowicz2, Bozena Kirpsza1, Lucyna Ostrowska5, Hady Razak Hady2
Mood disorders in the evaluation of patients after bariatric treatment
Zaburzenia nastroju w ocenie pacjentów po leczeniu bariatrycznym
1Department of Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
2Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
3Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
4Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
5Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
Streszczenie
Wstęp. Obecnie nadwaga i otyłość to problemy zdrowotne ludzi wszystkich ras bez względu na wiek. Nieliczne badania zwracają uwagę na niezwykle ważne problemy psychiczne u pacjentów z otyłością (niska samoocena, depresja, izolacja społeczna, zachowania lękowe).
Cel pracy. Celem pracy była analiza występowania zaburzeń nastroju u pacjentów leczonych bariatrycznie.
Materiał i metody. Badania zostały przeprowadzone wśród 75 pacjentów z otyłością olbrzymią, u których wykonano zabiegi bariatryczne. Chorych badano po 6 miesiącach od wykonania zabiegu podczas wizyty kontrolnej w Poradni Chirurgicznej. Skala Samooceny Depresji i Lęku pozwoliła na ocenę nasilenia zaburzeń nastroju (depresji, lęku) wśród badanej grupy po zabiegu. W badaniach statystycznych do oceny korelacji wykorzystano test chi-kwadrat oraz współczynnik Cramera.
Badanie zostało zatwierdzone przez Komisję Bioetyczną Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku (RI-002/260/2011).
Wyniki. Najczęściej wykonywanym zabiegiem bariatrycznym w grupie badanych pacjentów była rękawowa resekcja żołądka (SG) – 53%. Grupa pacjentów > 40 BMI zmniejszyła się z 40 do 16%. Utrata nadmiaru masy ciała miała istotnie statystyczny wpływ na zwiększenie przeżywania przyjemności, zainteresowań oraz poprawę nastroju.
Wnioski. Wykazano skuteczność chirurgii bariatrycznej w redukcji nadmiaru masy ciała u pacjentów z otyłością olbrzymią. Stwierdzono obniżenie nasilenia zaburzeń nastroju (depresji, lęku). U pacjentów po leczeniu bariatrycznym wskazane jest długoterminowe monitorowanie problemów psychologicznych.
Summary
Introduction. Currently, overweight and obesity are a health issues for people of all races regardless of age. Several studies draw attention in obese patients to extremely important psychiatric problems (low self-esteem, depression, social isolation, anxiety behaviors).
Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of mood disorders in patients treated bariatrically.
Material and methods. The study have been conducted among 75 patients with morbid obesity who underwent bariatric procedures. Patients were examined 6 months after the procedure, during the follow-up visit at the Surgical Outpatient Clinic. The Self-Assessment of Depression and Anxiety allowed the assessment of the severity of mood disorders (depression, anxiety) among the examined group after surgery. In the statistical examination of correlation, the chi-square and the Cramer’s coefficient have been use.
The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Bialystok (RI-002/260/2011).
Results. The most frequently performed bariatric procedure in the group of patients was (SG) sleeve gastrectomy – 53%. The group of patients with > 40 BMI decreased from 40 to 16%. The loss of excess body mass had a significant statistical effect on the increase of pleasure, the increase of the interest in life and the improvement of mood.
Conclusions. The efficacy of bariatric surgery in reducing excess body weight in patients with morbid obesity has been demonstrated. There was a reduction in the severity of mood disorders (depression, anxiety). In patients after bariatric treatment, long-term monitoring of psychological problems is indicated.
Introduction
Obesity is one of the most visible and at the same time the most disregarded health problems. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized that the problem of obesity affects all countries in the world in varying degrees (1). Currently overweight and obesity is a health problem for people of all races regardless of age. The incidence rate in Europe is about 10-20% in men and 15-25% in women. Epidemiological data inform that obesity in Poland occurs in every third man and every fifth woman. The main determinants of obesity are genetic. Unfortunately, more than half of the patients develop obesity due to environmental factors and excessive size of meals (2).
Currently, patients with obesity are more frequently deciding to undergo surgery, which is the most effective treatment method. However, it should be remembered that permanent reduction of body weight and a significant improvement in the quality of life may only be achieved if the patient adheres to dietary recommendations, both, in the early and late postoperative period (3). Few studies draw attention in extremely important psychiatric problems of obese patients (low self-esteem, depression, social isolation, anxiety behaviors). It has been proved that a large loss of body mass after bariatric surgery relieves/eliminates depressive states and comorbidities of obesity, and Hus, significantly improves the quality of life of patients (4, 5).
Aim
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of mood disorders in patients treated bariatrically.
Material and methods
The study was conducted among 75 patients with giant obesity who underwent bariatric procedures at the 1st Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery in Bialystok. Patients have been examined 6 months after the procedure, during a follow-up visit at the Surgical Outpatient Clinic. Self-assessment of Depression and Anxiety (6) allowed to assess the severity of mood disorders (depression, anxiety) among the examined group after the procedure. Respondents rated on a 10-point Likert scale among different states: mood, sense of energy, strength of interest, experiencing pleasure, pace of thinking and action, anxiety, psychological tension, nervousness, fear of a specific threat, fear of what might happen, feeling of physical tension, avoidance of anxiety situations. Their current mood has been compared with the previous one. The 10 reflected the highest intensity of the assessed feature, which the respondent could imagine. Information regarding demographic data, BMI of the patient from the pre- and post-operative period as well as motivation to make the decision about the procedure has been obtained using the questionnaire of own design. The analysis of medical records of patients consisted of obtaining data on the occurrence of postoperative complications and compensating of comorbidities. Prior to the beginning of the study, every patient received information about the study in printed form and signed conscious and voluntary consent to participate in the study.
Computer software STATISTICA PL v.10 has been used to analyze the results. Statistical analyzes have been developed on the basis of: tabular and graphical methods of data grouping, chi-square test and Cramer’s coefficient have been used to test the correlation.
The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Bialystok (RI-002/260/2011).
Results
The study involved 75 patients, slightly more women (53%) than men (47%) (tab. 1).
Tab. 1. Proportion of men and women in examined group
| Gender | Number of examined patients (n) | Percent (%) |
| Woman | 40 | 53 |
| Man | 35 | 47 |
| Total | 75 | 100 |
Among patients qualified for bariatric surgery, those of 31-40 years old were 41%; group (35%) were people up to 50 years of age, while the fewest treatments were performed between 21-30 years (11%). Patients qualified for bariatric surgery most often had higher and secondary education (37%). Health problems in the vast majority (71%) were the reason for making a decision about surgical treatment.
One of the main qualifying conditions for the surgical treatment of obesity was the BMI index. The vast majority of patients (71%) achieved the 3rd degree of morbid obesity of BMI > 40 (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The assessment of BMI in patients qualified for bariatric treatment
The most frequently performed bariatric procedure in the group of patients examined was sleeve gastrectomy (SG) – 53%. A slightly less frequent adjustment was made to the stomach (36%) (tab. 2).
Tab. 2. Types of bariatric procedures in examined group
| Type of procedure | Number of examined patients (n) | Percent (%) |
| Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) | 39 | 52 |
| Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) | 27 | 36 |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) | 9 | 12 |
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Piśmiennictwo
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